背景：腰椎间盘退变造成的一系列临床症状已经是影响人类健康的常见疾病。过去研究中指出在腰椎间盘退变的发生发展中，腰椎间盘生物力学改变起到重要作用。

目的：简述腰椎间盘解剖学、组织学特性，总结近年来腰椎间盘生物力学的研究方法及进展。

方法：通过输入“生物力学，腰椎间盘，动物标本，人类尸体模型，有限元分析，影像学、磁共振成像，biomechanics，Intervertebral disc，lumbar spine，finite element analysis，imaging，MRI，DFIS，DSXS”等关键词，利用计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Elsevier 和Web of Science 数据库，通过阅读标题及摘要进行初步筛选，排除与主题相关度低的文献，最终共纳入67 篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论：①腰椎间盘的生物力学研究目前主要分为体外研究和体内研究；②体外研究包括动物标本实验、人类尸体标本实验、有限元分析，体外实验设计灵活，操作性强，但实验对象脱离人体生理环境，材料的力学特性存在差异，需要经过长期不断验证，筛选出在人体的适用性；③体内研究主要通过影像学手段，实时记录椎间盘在体运动受力形态变化，真实可靠，但受影像技术发展的限制，需要合理运用。最新出现的双平面荧光成像系统以及高速动态立体射线照相系统在这一领域具有独特优势，被越来越多的人所重视。

国家自然科学基金()，项目负责人：苗军；国家自然科学基金()，项目参与人：苗军

BACKGROUND:Clinical systems caused by degenerative disc disease are one of the largest health worldwide problems. Changes of biomechanics of lumbar disc play important difference in the development of degenerative disc disease.

OBJECTIVE:To briefly describe the anatomical and histological features of lumbar intervertebral discs, and to review the research methods and progress in lumbar intervertebral disc biomechanics in recent years.

METHODS:A computer-based online retrieval of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Elsevier and Web of Science databases was conducted with the keywords of “biomechanics, intervertebral disc, lumbar spine, finite element analysis, imaging, MRI, BFIS, DSXS” in Chinese and English, respectively. The articles were firstly screened by reading the title and abstract, and 67 eligible articles were included for result analysis after excluding irrelevant articles.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The research on lumbar disc biomechanics is mainly divided intoin vitroresearch andin vivoresearch. (2)In vitrostudies include animal specimens, human cadavers and finite element analysis. The design ofin vitroexperiment is flexible and maneuverable, but it is separated from human physiological environment and the mechanical properties of materials are different. After long-term verification, the applicability of the experiment in human body is screened out. (3)In vivostudies mainly record the changes of the force shape of disc movementin vivoin real time through imaging methods, which is real and reliable. However, limited by the development of imaging technology, it needs to be used reasonably. The new biplanar fluorescent imaging system and dynamic stereo-radiography system have unique advantages in this field, which attracted much attention.

0 引言 Introduction

脊柱不仅是承担人体大部分质量的承重部位，还有着平衡动作、协调运动、减少震荡等作用。椎间盘是脊柱中连接两个相邻椎体的纤维软骨垫，使脊柱能够弯曲和旋转，同时具有承受压力、缓冲震荡冲击、保护脊髓等重要作用。

腰椎作为人体脊柱重要的负重结构，相对于颈椎和胸椎来说，每一节段都要承载大量负荷并进行复杂多样的运动。腰椎间盘退变会导致一系列临床症状，例如椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄、脊柱失稳和退行性脊柱侧弯等，这些已经是常见病和多发病，给社会和家庭带来沉重负担。研究表明，椎间盘退化的时间远早于其他组织，青少年中大约20%即有轻微退化迹象，间盘变性风险随着年龄的增长而激增，而且同年龄组男性退变风险比女性更高，这可能与较高的机械应力以及更长的营养途径有关[1-2]。腰椎间盘运动学改变被认为是疾病发生发展的重要因素[3]，生物力学改变会对椎间盘的营养、细胞代谢、基质金属蛋白酶活性及多种细胞因子等因素组成的生物化学环境造成影响，这些因素的相互作用最终会导致椎间盘退变[4]。因此腰椎间盘生物力学研究对疾病的临床预防及诊治具有重要价值。

1 资料和方法 Data and methods

1.1 资料来源以“生物力学，腰椎间盘，动物标本，人类尸体模型，有限元分析，影像学、磁共振成像，biomechanics，intervertebral disc， lumbar spine， finite element analysis，imaging，MRI，DFIS，DSXS”为关键词，通过计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Elsevier和Web of Science数据库相关文献。